Resilience and Redemption in a Conformist Society

Resilience and Redemption: Lessons from Hester Prynne in a Conformist Society 

by Sunny L., 11th Grade

Up to this point, we have studied five chapters of The Scarlet Letter together, gaining a rough idea of Hester's character traits as a Romantic heroine and the challenges she faces. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's work, Hester Prynne is a symbol of resilience but is also pitiful. Condemned by Puritan society for adultery, the scarlet “A” humiliates her constantly. Yet, the parallels between Hester's struggle for individuality and the issues faced by some today make her a timeless figure, showing that being different often comes with a price. This double-edged sword can bring both honor and deep struggle.

Today, many, like Hester, challenge authority and bear the weight of public judgment alone, a hardship we can hardly imagine. Influential people on the internet, for instance, often face harsh criticism for content that doesn’t meet certain expectations. In this “cyber violence,” critics spread judgment freely without accountability, unable or unwilling to empathize with the damage their words may cause—reminiscent of the Puritans who, while claiming impartiality, ruthlessly condemned others, which is itself a sin.

In Chapter 4, Hawthorne reveals Hester and Chillingworth's troubled marriage, marked by a lack of true love and Chillingworth’s intent for revenge on Hester's lover, a secret and insidious torture that highlights his venality. Such two-faced individuals exist in society, often masking vicious intentions behind an amiable exterior.

Despite society’s moral condemnation, Hester remains understated, unyielding, and graceful, evoking both interest and sympathy. Her strength, deep emotions, and alienation exemplify the Romantic heroine, as Romanticism values the individual’s spiritual world over societal norms.

Hester’s independence clashed with Puritan values, just as individuals today often face judgment when they diverge from mainstream expectations. Similarly, modern “rules” of success can stifle individuality, forcing people to measure worth by external standards rather than personal fulfillment. This pressure to conform dims self-expression, darkening the world. Psalm 119:105, “Your word is a lamp for my feet, a light on my path,” reminds us that we should follow God’s guidance, allowing each unique person to flourish in their own way. Isn’t this what we want to see?

Staying True: Lessons from Hester Prynne on Integrity Amid Social Judgment by Ingrid J., 11th Grade

Heroines from books, movies, and social media impress us with their admirable qualities. Hester Prynne is one such heroine—a Romantic figure publicly humiliated by the Puritans yet full of dignity. Although that era seems distant, similar judgments still happen today.

Our society imposes many standards, such as those around appearance, grades, and relationships. American actress Glenn Close, at 77, stated, “We are so brainwashed about skin... certainly about women’s skin,” when asked about aging. I couldn’t agree more. Despite invisible social rules, Close, like Hester, stays true to herself and refuses to conform.

Not only celebrities but everyone is affected by social media, which can magnify malice and harshness. I often see people attacked online for expressing different opinions, and, sadly, some choose drastic actions after facing public shame.

Today, our personal values often clash with social expectations. What can we do in those moments? Hester provides a strong example. She endured public humiliation yet continued living with dignity, supporting herself and her daughter through her needlework. Like her, we can face challenges from social rules bravely, staying true to ourselves and preserving our personal values.

Top Quotes from the 12th Grade Singularity Debate

 

Serengeti Cyborg by Solen Feyissa

Top Quotes from the 12th Grade Singularity Debate

1. Defining Singularity: “The singularity is a hypothetical idea of the moment when AI intelligence supersedes human intelligence, where humanity and technology become one.”

2. Concerns About AI: “This is not a life where AI blends into human society; rather, one where AI outgrows humanity and takes over the world as its own.”

3. The Danger of AI Growth: “The lack of predictability and the growth of AI is dangerous and begs the question, should we support singularity?”

4. Moral and Ethical Concerns: “The singularity could single-handedly destroy humanity.”

5. Humanity's Brokenness: “Now picture the brokenness of humanity reincarnated into an artificial intelligence that has no morality.”

6. The Role of Technology: “Humanity is reaching a new point in civilization where we are trying to be Gods of our own in creating artificial intelligence.”

7. Historical Reflection: “Throughout history, power in the hands of humanity leads to destruction.”

8. The Image of God: “We were made by a perfect God who had this moral compass and knows what's right or wrong.”

9. AI as a Tool: “AI is just a tool that we can use; it might cause some damages, but just like a hammer or knives, it could also be used in ethical ways.”

10. Autonomy of AI: “Imagine if that knife could get up on its own and kill somebody without anybody driving it.”

11. AI’s Limitations: “AI would not have the same attributes of humanity; it would not be able to reason or feel emotion the same way.”

12. Human Morality vs. AI: “We believe that artificial intelligence doesn’t have the personality or the soul, the humanity, to distinguish in certain situations, what is the right thing and what is the wrong thing to do.”

13. The Nature of Morality: “Our morality comes from the Holy Spirit; it is not something that we learn but something that is with us from birth.”

14. The Role of Education: “While we are creating an AI, we’re actually creating its own personality, but we can only give it a foundation of morality.”

15. The Complexity of Creation: “We don’t believe that humanity has the power to recreate the soul that is within us.”

16. The Inevitable Singularity: “Let’s say at this point that Pandora’s box is open; there really is no way to stop the singularity from happening.”

17. Future Implications: “When the singularity happens, will it be a good thing or will it be a bad thing for humanity?”

Unveiling Pocahontas: The Complexities Behind the Legend

John Gadsby Chapman’s “The Baptism of Pocahontas” (1840)

Unveiling Pocahontas: The Complexities Behind the Legend by Justin T., 11th Grade

The story of Pocahontas, the Native American woman who allegedly saved the life of an English man, John Smith, has captivated imaginations for centuries. Popular culture, particularly through romanticized depictions like Disney’s animated film, has turned her story into a tale of love, peace, and cultural reconciliation. However, historical accounts and artistic representations reveal a much more complex narrative. This post will compare and contrast the legendary version of Pocahontas’s story with the historical facts, exploring how literature, art, and popular media shape our understanding of this iconic figure.

The legend of Pocahontas centers around her dramatic rescue of John Smith from execution at the hands of her father, Powhatan. In this version, she becomes a symbol of peace between Native Americans and English settlers, eventually converting to Christianity and marrying Englishman John Rolfe. However historical accounts challenge the romanticized version of events.

Historians including those referenced in “A People’s History of the United States” by Howard Zinn, have questioned the accuracy of John Smith’s narrative. Smith himself was known for beautifying his adventures, and some scholars argue that Pocahontas’s “rescue” might have been a ceremonial act rather than a genuine life-saving event. “Writing America” by David Jolliffe further emphasizes that colonial narratives were often constructed to justify European expansion and paint Native Americans in a subservient light.

In contrast to the legend, The historical Pocahontas was a young girl, around 11 or 12 years old, during her interactions with Smith. The real story of her life was far less romantic. The English captured her, converted her to Christianity, and used a diplomatic pawn in the tense relationship between the settlers and her people. Her marriage to John Rolfe was a strategic alliance rather than a love story.

The Norton Anthology of American Literature includes early colonial writings that reflect the European settlers’ perspectives on their interactions with Native Americans. John Smith’s accounts portray himself as a heroic figure, while Pocahontas’s role is minimized and often romanticized. This contrasts with modern retellings that emphasize the agency and humanity of Native people. “Bob Jones American Literature” highlights how American writers have appropriated Pocahontas’s story to reflect national ideals, turning her into a symbol of cross-cultural unity, even when this narrative erases much of the historical violence and exploitation.

Art and Cultural Depictions

Art has played a significant role in shaping the public’s perception of Pocahontas. John Gadsby Chapman’s “The Baptism of Pocahontas” (1840) presents her as the idealized “noble savage,” showing her conversion to Christianity as a civilizing moment. The painting, commissioned for the U.S. Capitol, reflects the cultural values of its time—emphasizing the triumph of European culture over Native American traditions.

In contrast, Victor Nehlig’s “Pocahontas” (1870s) romanticizes her saving John Smith. This artwork contributes to the mythology version of her story, portraying her as a selfless heroine who bridges two worlds. The 17th-century engraving by Simon van de Passe, created during her time in England, reflects European ideals of Native Americans, depicting Pocahontas in European dress to emphasize her “civilization” under English influence. These visual representations often strip away her true identity and replace it with one that fits Western narratives.

Disney’s “Pocahontas” has perhaps had the most significant impact on the modern perceptions of her story. In the film, Pocahontas is portrayed as a mature woman who falls in love with John Smith, reinforcing the romanticized legend. The film ignores the historical realities, including her age and her coerced convertion to Christianity. While Disney’s version promotes messages of environmentalism and peace, it also distorts history to fit a narrative of cultural harmony, when in reality, colonization led to the destruction of Native societies.

Cultural Values and Biases in The Narratives

The various portrayals of Pocahontas, from historical writings to art and popular media, reflect the values and biases of the people who created them. Colonial narratives often depicted Native Americans as either savages or noble being in need of civilization. By the 19th century, figues like Pocahontas were used to symbolize reconciliation, even if the true story was far more complicated.

Disney’s modern retelling, while well-intentioned, continues the tradition of oversimplifying the past. As “A People’s History of the United States,” points out, dominant narratives tend to erase the voices of marginalized people, and Pocahontas’s story is no exception. Her agency and experiences are often overshadowed by the need to portray her as a figure who makes European colonization appear more benevolent than it was.

Understanding the story of Pocahontas requires us to engage with both the legend and the historical realities critically. The romanticized tale of a Native American woman saving a European man and bridging two worlds speaks to cultural fantasies of peace and reconciliation, but it often erases the complexities of colonization and Pocahontas’s true role in history. By examining the literary and artistic sources that shaped this narrative, we gain a deeper understanding of how cultural values and biases influence our view of the past. This analysis reveals that while legends may be powerful, history tells a different and often more sobering story… one that deserves to be heard.

Chapman, John Gadsby “The Baptism of Pocahontas.” 1840 U.S. capital Rotunda, Washington, D.C.

Jolliffe, David “Writing America: Laguage and Composition in Context” Pearson, 2014.

Nehlig, Victor “Pocahontas saving John Smith” 1870s, Private Collection.

Smith, John “The General Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isle” The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Beginnings to 1865, edited by Robert S. Levine, 10th ed., W.W. Norton 2017.

Van De Passe, Simon Matoaka als Rebecca. 1616, National Portrait Gallery, London.

Zinn Howard “A People’s History of the United States” Harper Collins, 1980.

Disney “Pocahontas” Directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg, Walt Disney Pictures, 1995

Heritage Highlights: 

"This painting pains me because I can see the cultural values of that time. People have tried to portray aggression of the European colonizers as an act of mercy." -Ingrid Z., 11th Grade 

"As the story of Pocahontas shows us, history is never a fixed narrative, but a collection of cultural values, prejudices, and various points of view by various people. At the same time, history is greatly influenced by those in power, and rulers will often falsify history in order to remain famous for generations to come." Sunny L., 11th Grade

Norse Mythology Reimagined: Exploring Opera

The Met Opera

by Sasha Z., 10th Grade

For those who have never seen opera before, it may appear like an intimidating art form. But my exposure this week to the Metropolitan Opera, or the Met, changed the way I saw and appreciated this complex art. The Metropolitan has given me significant insights into the world of opera, enabling me to comprehend its emotional depth, historical context, and artistic complexity through its rich performances, educational programs, and community outreach. Opera is a dynamic form of expression that appeals to all people and is not only for a select few. Operatic narratives frequently depict universal human experiences, such as love, grief, conflict, and redemption. My appreciation for opera grew as a result of this insight, which made it easier for me to perceive it as a vital component of culture rather than just one genre.

Modern Interpretations at the Opera 

by Jonathan L., 10th Grade

Modern interpretations of Das Rheingold at the opera bring fresh perspectives to its mythic themes, especially through innovative methods like evolving stage designs and updated visual effects. One noticeable aspect is the use of new technology and multimedia, such as the moving set pieces in the production, which can transform the setting of the Rhine and make the gods appear more relatable. This use of technology highlights the timelessness of the opera’s themes, like greed, as seen with Alberich’s obsession with power. By placing these themes in familiar and accessible contexts, these modern performances resonate with contemporary audiences, including Gen Z. In a similar way, when Ms. Lehman read the AI story to us, it helped me connect more deeply with the material, showing how modern parallels can enhance our understanding of classic stories. 

Wagner’s Das Rheingold: How Ancient Stories Shape Modern Artistic Expression  by David C., 10th Grade International Student

Richard Wagner’s Das Rheingold is a powerful example of how ancient stories continue to shape modern artistic expression. Drawing heavily from The Saga of the Volsungs, Wagner’s opera explores timeless themes like fate, power, and sacrifice. In this post, I’ll examine how Wagner reflects these mythic themes, how modern performances of Das Rheingold reinterpret them, and share insights from my own retelling of the myth.

Mythic Themes in Das Rheingold

Wagner’s Das Rheingold mirrors Norse mythology, particularly in its portrayal of power’s corrupting influence. In both the opera and The Saga of the Volsungs, the cursed ring symbolizes absolute power that inevitably leads to suffering. The pursuit of this power—whether by Wotan or by figures in the Volsung myth—is a fateful journey bound to end in destruction.

Sacrifice is another shared theme. In The Saga of the Volsungs, Odin gives up his eye for wisdom, while in Das Rheingold, Wotan renounces love to gain power. Both highlight the Norse concept of fate—where even gods must pay a heavy price. Wagner’s use of leitmotifs amplifies these themes, constantly reminding the audience of the inescapability of fate as the characters’ choices unfold.

Modern Performances: The Met Opera’s Das Rheingold

The Metropolitan Opera’s modern staging of Das Rheingold brings new life to these mythic themes. The use of digital projections and lighting technology enhances the otherworldly elements, making the myth feel accessible to contemporary audiences. For example, the shimmering appearance of the Rhinegold intensifies its unattainable allure and the symbolic power it holds.

The Met’s updated costumes and sets also offer a fresh take on the characters. Wotan’s corporate look in some performances draws parallels between gods and modern-day leaders, emphasizing the timeless nature of power struggles and moral compromise.

Personal Creative Process: Reinterpreting Das Rheingold

Rewriting Das Rheingold for a modern audience posed challenges, particularly in balancing the myth’s grandeur with contemporary sensibilities. Wagner humanizes the gods, especially Wotan, portraying him as flawed and conflicted. This complexity inspired my own retelling, where I aimed to explore Wotan’s internal conflict as he grapples with the heavy cost of his ambitions.

Here’s a brief excerpt from my narrative:

Wotan stood at the precipice, the weight of the world pressing on his shoulders. The golden ring, glinting in his hand, felt heavier than any weapon he had ever wielded. Power—absolute power—was within his grasp. But as he stared into the abyss, he knew the cost was too great. He had already lost more than he could ever regain, and the curse of the ring whispered in his ear, promising both dominion and doom.

Conclusion: Why Norse Myths Endure

The lasting appeal of Norse myths and Wagner’s Das Rheingold lies in their exploration of universal themes like fate, power, and sacrifice. Modern productions like those at the Met Opera breathe new life into these ancient stories, demonstrating how deeply they resonate with contemporary audiences. These myths offer timeless insights into the human condition, making them as relevant today as in Wagner’s time.

Norse myth endures because it taps into deep truths about power, choice, and destiny—archetypal struggles that Wagner masterfully brings to life through his music and drama.

The Eternal Struggle for Power: Myth and Music in Wagner's Das Rheingold 

by Alisa L., Grade 10 International Student

In Das Rheingold, power is a central theme woven throughout the opera. From the Rhine gold at the beginning to the divine spear and the final ring, each treasure represents immense power. To gain this power, Alberich sacrifices not only his appearance but also forsakes love. This choice highlights the overwhelming allure of power, driving individuals to abandon essential parts of themselves. It's a portrayal of the temptation of power.

Similarly, Wotan, in his quest for dominance, breaks his oath, ultimately losing his wisdom. This shows that the pursuit of power often comes with a steep price. The constant struggle over the Rhine gold, as it shifts from one character to another, emphasizes that power is fluid—no one can maintain it indefinitely. This idea of the cyclical nature of power is a key theme, echoing through both Wagner's opera and the myths.

Modern productions of Das Rheingold, especially in the Metropolitan Opera’s interpretations, provide new ways to experience the story through innovative visual and auditory effects. For instance, the use of lighting in these performances effectively mirrors the characters’ internal struggles and the shifting dynamics of power. Lighting serves as a powerful visual language, signaling changes in emotion, environment, and plot development.

Why do myths still matter today? Myths function as a mirror, reflecting the complexities of human nature, our strengths, and our weaknesses. By engaging with myths, we gain insight into ourselves and the world around us. Whether it’s the gods of mythology, the battle for the Ring in The Lord of the Rings, or the characters in an opera, power remains an eternal theme. People will go to great lengths, even inciting fierce conflict, to obtain it. Wagner’s music enhances the intensity of this battle for the Ring, making the dramatic struggle even more vivid and emotional.

From these stories and myths, I’ve learned a few key lessons about power. It’s something everyone desires, whether they are gods, heroes, or ordinary people. Power can change individuals—sometimes for the better, making them more confident, but also for the worse, making them greedy and selfish. The struggle for power is a timeless theme, crossing different eras and cultures. While power can bring positive change, it can also lead to disaster if misused.

Power, Fate, and Sacrifice: The Enduring Legacy of Norse Myth in Wagner's Das Rheingold by William Y., 10th Grade International Student

Wagner’s Das Rheingold retells ancient Norse myths from The Saga of the Volsungs, focusing on major themes like fate, power, and sacrifice. In both the original myth and Wagner’s opera, a magic ring grants great power, but at a tremendous cost. Alberich, a dwarf from the Nibelung race, sacrifices love to create the ring from the Rhinegold, symbolizing how the pursuit of power often demands personal sacrifice. For example, Wotan, the chief god, also makes a risky bargain by offering Freia, the goddess of youth, as payment to the giants who build Valhalla. This shows that even the gods must sacrifice something precious for their ambitions. Both stories reveal a common message: the quest for power often involves difficult choices and serious consequences. Wagner reinforces these ideas through leitmotifs—recurring musical themes representing characters, objects, or emotions. These motifs remind the audience of the ongoing danger and temptation connected with the ring and power itself.

Modern productions, such as the Met Opera’s, use creative staging and technology to make these mythic themes more engaging and accessible. In Robert Lepage’s version, the set is a large moving structure known as “The Machine,” which changes shape to depict different scenes, such as the depths of the Rhine River or the grand halls of Valhalla. This dynamic set highlights the epic scale of the story and the dramatic shifts in the characters’ lives. Special effects, like Alberich’s transformation into a dragon or the shimmering glow of the Rhinegold, bring the magical elements to life, adding depth by showing the risks and dangers that accompany the pursuit of power. Watching these performances helped me understand that even though the opera is based on an ancient story, modern interpretations can make it feel new and relevant for today’s audiences. The combination of music, visuals, and technology keeps the old myths alive while connecting them to present-day themes.

Writing my own version of Das Rheingold gave me the opportunity to see the story from a different perspective. I chose to focus more on Freia’s character, making her more active and giving her greater agency in the narrative. In the original versions, she is often treated as a bargaining tool by the gods, but I wanted to portray her as someone who resists this role and fights for her own destiny. This approach made me consider how each character might feel about their place in the story and the sacrifices they are forced to make. I was inspired by Wagner’s use of leitmotifs, which repeat throughout the opera to deepen the story’s meaning. For instance, the music associated with the ring is dark and heavy, reminding the audience of its curse and the dangers of greed. In my writing, I aimed to create a similar effect by incorporating repeated images of water and gold, symbolizing the allure and consequences of power. These elements helped connect different parts of the story and kept the themes consistent.

For me, the Norse myths in Das Rheingold remain relevant because they deal with struggles that everyone can relate to—such as the desire for power, the consequences of our choices, and our confrontation with fate. The story shows that no matter how much power someone has, they are still subject to forces beyond their control. The idea that even gods like Wotan cannot escape fate makes the story feel deeply human and relatable. It reminds us that everyone, no matter how strong or powerful, faces situations where they must make sacrifices or deal with the limits of their power. These timeless struggles are what keep these myths alive.

The Met Opera’s staging of Das Rheingold helps bring these ancient themes into a modern context. Visual effects, like the transformation of the set and the use of light to make the gold glow, allow the audience to feel the magic and danger of the story in a very real way. The opera’s music, combined with the staging, makes the themes of fate and power feel immediate and urgent. Although these myths come from an ancient time, the performances demonstrate that their ideas are still relevant today. Whether it’s the cost of ambition, the desire for control, or the sacrifices we must make, these themes resonate because they are central to the human experience.

For me, the lasting appeal of these myths lies in their ability to make us reflect on our own lives. When I see Wotan struggling with the consequences of his choices or Alberich sacrificing love for power, it makes me think about the decisions we all face and what we are willing to give up to achieve our goals. Wagner’s Das Rheingold and modern productions like those at the Met Opera don’t just retell old stories; they make us think about who we are, what we value, and what we are willing to sacrifice. These myths continue to be retold because they speak to something deep inside us, reminding us that struggles with power, fate, and sacrifice are as old as time and still matter today.

In summary, I believe that whoever wins the gold and forges it into a ring will gain power over the world, but must first renounce love.

Heritage Highlights:

"In both the myth and opera we noticed that there's a cursed treasure, and both show how people and gods want to gain power." -Allen W., 10th Grade International Student

"Wotan made poor choices that he should never have made, because like a chain reaction or a train wreck, when something goes wrong, everything falls apart." -Elijah D., 10th Grade Student

Biblical Metaphors: Wisdom is Light (If We're Brave Enough to See It)

"For there is always light,
if only we’re brave enough to see it,
if only we’re brave enough to be it."-“The Hill We Climb" by Amanda Gorman, youngest Inaugural poet in U.S. history 

Hope Tied to Fulfilling Christian Duty by Sunny L., 11th Grade International Student

The power of one person may be small, but the combined power of dozens, hundreds, or even millions can be immense. After reading Amanda Gorman's "The Hill We Climb" and John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity," it is clear that both speeches express how unity, responsibility, and a moral mission are inseparably linked to the formation of a strong community. Both works draw upon the biblical verse about the “city on a hill” in Matthew 5:14-16, which emphasizes the importance of individuals coming together to build a great nation. Although the two authors lived centuries apart, Gorman's and Winthrop's aspirations and visions for their communities resonate across time, and it is a privilege to engage with their messages today.

A Vision of Community

In A Model of Christian Charity, John Winthrop highlights the precious Christian values of love, charity, and sacrifice. For Winthrop, the strength of a community lies in its members supporting one another and working toward a common goal, thereby creating a just society aligned with God's will. He believes that settlers must serve as role models for the world, and that their behavior should reflect spiritual and moral integrity. Central to his vision for the future of the United States is the need for individuals to work together to build a community based on selflessness and love.

Similarly, Amanda Gorman's The Hill We Climb presents a vision of unity in the face of hardship and adversity. Gorman reflects on the struggles and imperfections of America's past while urging its citizens to unite for a better future. As she articulates in her speech, “We’ve seen a force that would shatter our nation rather than share it, would destroy our country if it meant delaying democracy. And this effort very nearly succeeded. But while democracy can be periodically delayed, it can never be permanently defeated.” She calls for all Americans, regardless of their backgrounds, to come together with the shared goal of rebuilding and revitalizing the country. Gorman emphasizes the values of perseverance, inclusiveness, and justice, which are essential to fulfilling the nation’s promise. Both Gorman and Winthrop agree that the success of their respective countries hinges on the strength and unity of the community.

The Burden of Visibility

In Matthew 5:14-16, Jesus calls on his followers to be the “light of the world,” encouraging them to let their good works shine as examples for others. The process of becoming a role model is challenging, and the envy that can accompany admiration is a heavy burden. For Winthrop, this accountability was intrinsically linked to the Puritan mission in America. He stated, “The Lord will make our name a praise and glory, so that men shall say of succeeding plantations: ‘The Lord make it like that of New England.’ For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.” He warned settlers that their behavior would be scrutinized by the world, and failure to adhere to these principles would invite scorn and judgment. In this sense, the “city on a hill” serves both as an ideal to strive for and a reminder of the consequences of failure. The Puritans had to embody charity, solidarity, and justice, demonstrating their faith and commitment to God.

Similarly, Gorman alludes to the severe trials facing America, reflecting on its past imperfections and failures while urging citizens to rise above them by embracing hope and unity. She states, “If we’re to live up to our own time, then victory won’t lie in the blade, but in all the bridges we’ve made. Being American is more than a pride we inherit; it’s the past we step into and how we repair it.” Gorman's interpretation of the “city on a hill” reflects a modern understanding of America's role on the global stage. She calls for the United States to lead not through power or domination, but by exemplifying democracy, inclusiveness, and justice. For Gorman, the weight of visibility encompasses the responsibility of being a moral model and demonstrating how to learn from mistakes while continuing to move toward the light.

Hope and Responsibility

“Hope is tied to fulfilling Christian duty; success relies on communal charity.” This principle, articulated by Winthrop, underscores the connection between hope and responsibility. Both Winthrop and Gorman intertwine these themes, emphasizing that hope for a better future can only be realized through collective action and moral leadership. Winthrop's hope for a prosperous and exemplary community was rooted in his belief in divine providence, conditional upon people's ability to live according to Christian principles. Amanda Gorman acknowledges the challenges facing the nation—division, injustice, and political turmoil—but asserts that these obstacles are surmountable because hope is an active force, not a passive one. “Hope comes from unity and perseverance,” she asserts, calling for active participation in building a just future. Her call for people to “climb up the hill” and the hard work required to overcome obstacles conveys the message that progress is achievable if Americans are willing to unite.

In our current moment, where problems and disagreements often seem inevitable, the messages in The Hill We Climb and A Model of Christian Charity are clear: the hope for a better future lies in collective responsibility, moral leadership, and the willingness to rise to the challenge. As we strive to realize the ideals of justice and equality, the concepts of the “city on a hill” and the Christian call to love will serve as constant reminders that the world is watching us. Let us join hands and work together toward a brighter future.

The City on a Hill: Embracing Unity and Responsibility by Ingrid J., 11th Grade

As members of society, we each have our own identities and belong to different communities, all of which are vital components of the nation. If we think of the nation as a living entity, then communities serve as its backbone, supporting and determining its direction. If the nation is a hill, then the communities are the cities atop it, watched by others and displaying the spirit of the whole nation.

The renowned American poet Amanda Gorman recited her original poem, The Hill We Climb, at the inauguration of President Joe Biden. She remarked, “We are striving to forge a union with purpose, to compose a country committed to all cultures, colors, characters, and conditions of man.” A nation’s success and harmony cannot be achieved by just a few individuals; it requires the power of unity and an inclusive mindset. Having emerged from over a century of internal conflict, we should now focus on our future rather than dwell on the past. The diverse communities within our society should be a source of strength, not division. Each community is like a piece of a puzzle; while we all have strengths and shortcomings, to complete the overall picture of peace and progress, all communities must tolerate and accept one another—none can be missing. John Winthrop’s A Model of Christian Charity reflects this same sentiment, as he urged us to “knit together in this work as one man.” Both Gorman and Winthrop illustrate the positive impact that cohesive communities can have on the nation. Achieving this goal requires the unity of all community members, for it is not just the responsibility of individuals but of everyone. “This is the only way we can make a lasting and prosperous society: to be knit together in love.” Winthrop emphasizes that the qualities of unity and benevolence are essential for building a society grounded in Christian ideals.

However, creating such an ideal society is no easy task. In Matthew 5:14-16, Jesus tells his followers, “You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden…let your light shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven.” Living under the scrutiny of others, like “a city on a hill,” presents challenges, as each of our actions reflects our values. It also means that we are not just individuals but significant members of the nation, a role that is both a privilege and a burden. We have the potential to influence the world around us. Winthrop described this state as, “We shall be made a story and byword throughout the world.” He encouraged us to be a moral light, take responsibility, and spread hope.

With hopeful goals, we can better consider how to put them into action. Gorman provides guidance in her poem: “If we merge mercy with might, and might with right, then love becomes our legacy.” A nation without warmth cannot thrive, for it is the collective power of its people that sustains it, and that power is fueled by love. We must support and care for one another, sharing hope and taking responsibility together. Fortunately, we have a role model to follow. Winthrop reassured us, “The Lord will be our God, and delight to dwell among us.” Created by God, who loves us and inspires hope, we are encouraged to be moral exemplars, take on our responsibilities, and ultimately fulfill our covenant with Him.

Today, we continue to chart the path of peace and hope. Communities of unity provide an essential force for our progress and future, and the “city on a hill” in scripture presents us with both the challenges and responsibilities of being “light to the world.” These concepts remind us of the expectations placed upon us and empower us to work together with greater courage and determination.

Sources Cited:
Gorman, Amanda. The Hill We Climb, 2021.
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity, 1630.

Common Themes in Amanda Gorman’s The Hill We Climb and John Winthrop’s A Model of Christian Charity by Kevin L., 11th Grade International Student

In literature, some speeches and poems inspire people and make them think about important issues. Two pieces that do this are Amanda Gorman’s poem, "The Hill We Climb," and John Winthrop’s sermon, "A Model of Christian Charity." Even though they were written a long time apart and for different reasons, both Gorman and Winthrop talk about hope, unity, and community.

First, let's look at hope. Amanda Gorman’s poem is about overcoming challenges and believing in a better future. She tells us that even when things are hard, we can rise above our difficulties if we keep hope alive. Gorman uses strong images and words that make us feel inspired. For example, she says that we can climb the hills we face. This means that we should not give up, no matter how tough things get.

On the other hand, John Winthrop's sermon is also about hope but in a different way. He wrote it a long time ago when people were coming to America to start a new life. Winthrop encourages people to act with love and kindness towards each other. He believes that helping one another is how we can create a strong and happy community. Both Gorman and Winthrop show us that having hope is very important, especially when we face difficult times.

Next, unity is a major theme in both works. In "The Hill We Climb," Gorman talks about the importance of coming together as one. She believes that our differences make us special, but we must unite to make the world a better place. Gorman encourages everyone to work together, no matter their background. She says that we should lift each other up and support one another.

Similarly, Winthrop also talks about unity. He uses the idea of a “city upon a hill” to explain how a community should shine brightly and be a good example for others. He wants everyone to work together and support each other, too. For Winthrop, unity is about people being connected through love and caring for one another. Both Gorman and Winthrop want us to understand that working together is very important for a better future.

Lastly, the importance of community is a big part of both pieces. Gorman emphasizes that we are all part of a larger community. She reminds us that we must help each other and lift one another up to make our communities stronger. In her poem, she talks about how everyone’s voice matters and how we can make a difference together.

In contrast, Winthrop focuses on the idea that our actions should show love and charity. He believes that a strong community is built on helping each other. He says that we should treat others well and work together to create a good society. Both writers show that caring for others is key to growing as individuals and as a community.

In conclusion, Amanda Gorman’s "The Hill We Climb" and John Winthrop’s "A Model of Christian Charity" have many similar themes. They both talk about hope, unity, and the importance of community. Gorman writes in a modern way about overcoming struggles, while Winthrop shares a historical view on building a loving society. Together, their messages remind us that by staying hopeful, coming together, and caring for one another, we can create a brighter future for everyone. Both pieces inspire us to be better people and to work hard for a better world.

Together, their messages remind us that by staying hopeful, coming together, and caring for one another, we can create a brighter future for everyone.

Heritage Highlight:

"Ultimately, both Winthrop’s and Gorman’s visions remind us that hope and responsibility go hand in hand. Whether through faith or action, creating a better future requires commitment, perseverance, and a shared sense of duty. These timeless themes remain as significant today as they were in the times of Winthrop and Gorman, offering a path forward for overcoming challenges and building a brighter, more unified world."-Justin T., 11th Grade

Biblical Metaphors: Wisdom as Light (and the Perils of Pursuing Glory)

 

Wisdom is Light: The Perils of Pursuing Glory by Luca S., 12th Grade

In many ways, wisdom can be compared to light, while ignorance can be likened to darkness. This theme is prevalent throughout the Bible and Greek mythology and resonates in literature across the globe. Understanding and studying this metaphor is important for several reasons. For Christians, it can motivate us to follow Christ and deepen our understanding of God, encouraging us to listen more intently to His still, small voice guiding us (Isaiah 30:21). This parallel also reveals a contrast: while the pursuit of light can lead to wisdom, the pursuit of wisdom does not always guarantee light. Several stories from Greek mythology exemplify this idea of wisdom as light. The tales of Phaethon, Icarus, and Prometheus all illustrate different aspects of this pursuit.

Phaethon’s story may resonate with many readers, as it reflects the journey of an insecure teenager trying to prove himself, often disregarding reason. Phaethon, the son of Apollo (though there is debate about whether he is Helios' son or Apollo's), lived a relatively normal life with his mother, Clymene, while his father remained absent. His friend Epaphus, son of Zeus, frequently boasted about his extravagant life on Olympus, which fueled Phaethon’s jealousy. Tired of Epaphus' stories, Phaethon fabricated his own tale, claiming that Apollo had invited him to drive the sun for a day. Although no one believed him, Phaethon felt compelled to make his story a reality and sought out his father. When he found Apollo, he asked for the opportunity to drive the chariot of the sun. Apollo, in a moment of ignorance, swore to grant Phaethon one wish, leading to his reckless decision to drive the chariot. The story concludes tragically, with Phaethon losing control of the chariot and falling to his death. This narrative illustrates the folly of pursuing wisdom for the sake of personal glory; wisdom rooted in self-interest can lead to disastrous outcomes.

Icarus, the son of Daedalus, shares a similar fate. Living on the island of Crete, Icarus longed for freedom and adventure. Daedalus, a master craftsman, created wings for his son, instructing him not to fly too close to the ocean or the sun. Ignoring his father’s warnings, Icarus dove toward the ocean, but in his haste, he ascended too quickly, causing the wax in his wings to melt. Without his wings, he plunged into the sea and drowned. This story reinforces the theme of wisdom and light; Icarus’s desire for glory led him to ignore the guidance meant to protect him, ultimately resulting in his demise.

Prometheus presents a different narrative. Unlike the reckless teenagers, Prometheus embodies the pursuit of light rather than wisdom for personal gain. His name means "foresight," and throughout Greek mythology, he exemplifies this trait. Prometheus created humanity and, out of love for his creation, stole fire from Olympus to share with them. Before this act, humans lived in primitive conditions. Zeus, angered by Prometheus’ actions and fearing that humanity might rival the gods, punished him by chaining him to a rock for 30,000 years. Eventually, Zeus, seeking to be just and merciful, allowed Hercules to free Prometheus. Importantly, Prometheus had no obligation to save humanity, yet he chose to do so out of love and compassion. This selflessness highlights that true wisdom lies in serving others rather than seeking personal glory. By pursuing light, Prometheus exemplifies wisdom, ultimately saving humanity.

The purpose of recounting these stories is to illustrate that wisdom and glory should not be our ultimate goals in life. While wisdom is valuable, it should not be pursued for personal accolades. Instead, it should be sought through the pursuit of light. When we strive for what God has in store for us, we are pursuing His light. Dedicating our lives to knowing and cultivating a relationship with Him allows us to attain true wisdom—wisdom that is divine and reflective of His light.

1 Corinthians 1:20-25
20 Where is the wise person? Where is the teacher of the law? Where is the philosopher of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? 21 For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not know him, God was pleased through the foolishness of what was preached to save those who believe. 22 Jews demand signs and Greeks look for wisdom, 23 but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, 24 but to those whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. 25 For the foolishness of God is wiser than human wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than human strength.

Works Cited
Ingri d'Aulaire, and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire. D’Aulaires Book of Greek Myths. Doubleday Books for Young Readers, 28 Nov. 2017.
Wilson, Douglas, and Gene Edward. Omnibus IV: The Ancient World. Lancaster, Penn., Veritas Press, 2009.
Joy Marie Clarkson. You Are a Tree. Baker Books, 20 Feb. 2024.

Auguste Rodin's marble sculpture, titled Christ and Mary Magdalene, and also known as Prometheus and the Oceanid or The Genius and the Pity, offers a rich, multi-layered depiction. As Christ and Mary Magdalene, it suggests themes of sacrifice and redemption, while the alternate title, Prometheus and the Oceanid, evokes Greek mythology, portraying Prometheus’ punishment and the Oceanid's compassion. Rodin’s blending of sacred and profane themes highlights the struggles of creativity and martyrdom, resonating with Louis Markos' view of Prometheus as embodying both Christ-like sacrifice and rebellious defiance.

Wisdom is Light in a Dark Room by Alex A., 12th Grade

A dark room illuminated by a single light bulb is the impact wisdom has on an otherwise ignorant mind. Our previous ignorance can be compared to venturing into a dark room without light. But this darkness is countered through God and the wisdom found in various myths, which provide clarity. Myths like those of Phaeton, Icarus, and Prometheus explore the importance of light and wisdom, while also revealing the dangers of pride and overestimation. As Joy Clarkson notes, “To enlighten someone is to give them knowledge about a subject or situation.” These myths ultimately reveal the benefits and risks of seeking wisdom, especially when our ego interferes with our pursuit of truth. True wisdom, then, is the light we receive from God, and we must pursue it with humility and patience, drawing on the lessons of myths, literature, and our daily lives.

Phaeton, the son of the sun god Helios, represents the darkness one could find when seeking power out of their reach. Despite being previously enlightened and given the wisdom showing he couldn’t control his father Helios’ chariot, Phaeton allowed his ego and pride to ultimately lead to his demise: “He was, so Helios said, the son of the sun and he would put that title and that power to the test.” Simply put, it is common to run into things out of our reach due to our wisdom and past experiences showing our limits, yet this pride and ego, a common vice of humans, completely cover this light of wisdom, leading us to make rash decisions. Phaeton’s hubris, being put over his father’s teachings (teachings he ignored), led him down a dark path as he thought the title of being the son of the sun god would increase his power. Instead, it spiraled him into darkness fueled by his self-esteem. When comparing Phaeton’s rash decision-making and Joy Clarkson’s view on pride, “Vices of fear, pride, and despair can keep us underground, counting the pebbles of our tiny bits of knowledge in the dark,” we see that Phaeton’s push towards light and the known impossible left him scattered in darkness. All of this connects to how, while the feeling and sense of power can be good, an ego that rises above our known ability will circle us into darkness.

Next, Icarus, like Phaeton, is an individual whose constant hunt for the light, in this myth the sun, ultimately leads him on a path that resembles the exact opposite: a path of darkness. Like Phaeton, Icarus had the knowledge and wisdom of his limits: “Ignoring his father’s warnings, Icarus chose to fly too close to the sun, melting the wax.” This shows that despite his wisdom, his overestimation of an already known limit led him to a path of light that wasn’t meant to gather wisdom but rather to reaffirm the pride he had in himself. A greater similarity between Icarus and Phaeton is that both had figures who had previously enlightened them on their limits, yet their hubris led them to goals that were relatively unachievable. It is important to remember that it is crucial to pursue this light in hopes of gaining wisdom, but this hunt for enlightenment should exclude our egos and any false beliefs we have previously placed in ourselves. While we all face different challenges every day, it is essential not to overlook hindrances in our journeys just as Icarus did when flying too close to the sun despite having wings made of wax. Rather, we should use caution based on previous experiences and wisdom, which could help us step closer to the light, living a life based on principles opposite to those of Icarus. Including a sense of morality in our choice when chasing enlightenment, just as Prometheus did.

While we have seen characters like Phaeton and Icarus using light for personal gain and power, Prometheus exhibits a character who stands for completely different morals. Prometheus, who is already immortal and doesn’t have much to gain, embodies someone who puts his morals above all else, spreading knowledge to humanity held by Zeus through the secret of fire. This fire wasn’t to harm; rather, it gave mankind essential wisdom to build and flourish, “past the jealous limits that Zeus had set for him.” Prometheus, knowing going against Zeus would ultimately lead to punishment, still enlightened mankind in hopes for a future of both knowledge and wisdom through the gift of fire. Bearing resemblance to a Christ-like nature, Prometheus, like Jesus, didn’t have to sacrifice his life, but we see both of them putting billions of lives ahead of their own for, in Jesus’ case, the release of humanity from sin, and in Prometheus’ case, wisdom and light. Fire, while being a great resource that has enlightened generations with useful wisdom to help move forward, is also known for the harm it brings when approached without caution. Caution when approaching fire, like the path to wisdom, is one that isn’t meant to be easy. Yet, the great weight wisdom has on humanity reaches far beyond any suffering or troubles faced daily. All of this shows that wisdom isn’t easily acquired, and oftentimes great burdens come with it—for example, the pain Prometheus had to endure simply due to the spread of wisdom. Though, the willingness to help others and exhibit a non-selfish character shines light like no other.

In conclusion, the myths of Phaeton, Icarus, and Prometheus show different approaches to seeking light, revealing the varied outcomes of this pursuit. Some, like Phaeton and Icarus, find darkness when chasing after what is beyond their reach, while others, like Prometheus, find fulfillment in selflessness. Joy Clarkson reminds us that those who do not follow wisdom may “slip and fall.” Christ provides a clear foundation for true enlightenment, as expressed in the book of John: “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” Wisdom is the light we receive from God, and we must pursue it with humility and patience, drawing on the lessons of myths, literature, and our daily lives.

Works Cited:
Clarkson, Joy Marie. Wisdom is (Not) Light. Bethany House, 2024. Accessed 2 October 2024.
Ovid. Phaeton and the Chariot of the Sun. Cornhill Publishing Co., 1994. Accessed 3 October 2024.
Bruegel, Pieter. Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, 1560. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus#. Accessed 2 October 2024.
Markos, Louis. The Myth Made Fact, Book II. Classical Academic Press, 2020. Accessed 2 October 2024.
The Holy Bible, Gospel of John, New International Version. Zondervan, 2011. Accessed 4 October 2024.

The Beautiful Yet Perilous Quest for Wisdom: Lessons from Myths and Scripture by Kenya S., 9th Grade

Light often symbolizes knowledge and guidance, but it can also be dangerous when pursued recklessly. This essay will explore the myths of Phaethon, Icarus, and Prometheus, which each offer lessons about seeking wisdom and how it can be both enlightening and perilous. Joy Clarkson’s ideas in "Wisdom is (Not) Light" suggest that while light can reveal important truths, it can also overwhelm us if approached carelessly. These myths demonstrate that the quest for wisdom, though beautiful, can be dangerous when accompanied by arrogance.

In the myth of Phaethon, the son of Helios, Phaethon seeks to prove himself by driving his father’s sun chariot, symbolizing his desire for wisdom and power. However, his overconfidence blinds him to the dangers involved. When he takes control of the chariot, he cannot manage the wild horses, causing chaos that scorches the earth and threatens humanity. This story teaches that pursuing wisdom without understanding its risks can have dire consequences. Clarkson’s insights highlight the destructiveness of recklessly chasing light. The lesson here is clear: true wisdom requires humility and restraint, as Phaethon’s failure shows that mishandling light can lead to catastrophe.

Similarly, the myth of Icarus mirrors Phaethon’s story. Icarus, flying with wax wings crafted by his father Daedalus, ignores the warning not to fly too close to the sun. His ambition leads to disaster when the sun melts his wings, causing him to fall into the sea. Both Phaethon and Icarus exemplify the dangers of pride in the pursuit of wisdom and light. Their stories caution that wisdom must be sought with care, and their shared outcomes reveal that striving for knowledge without respecting boundaries can result in ruin.

In contrast, the myth of Prometheus tells a different story. Prometheus defies the gods to bring fire—representing wisdom and knowledge—to humanity. This act demonstrates that fire, like wisdom, can be both a great gift and a source of suffering. As punishment, Prometheus endures eternal torment, symbolizing the heavy cost of his actions. His suffering parallels Christian themes of sacrifice, making him a figure similar to Christ, who also represents light and wisdom. Prometheus’s story teaches that true wisdom involves sacrifice and responsibility, a stark difference from the reckless pursuits of Phaethon and Icarus. It illustrates that while knowledge can be empowering, it often comes with significant consequences.

Each myth—Phaethon, Icarus, and Prometheus—offers distinct lessons about the pursuit of wisdom and light, revealing both their positive and negative aspects. These stories reinforce Clarkson’s view that wisdom should be approached with humility and care. Christian scripture echoes this message. For instance, John 8:12 calls Jesus the "Light of the World," and Psalm 119:105 describes God’s word as a lamp guiding our path. These verses remind us to seek wisdom carefully and responsibly, recognizing its ability to guide us while also acknowledging the potential dangers if not handled properly.

The Enlightening and Dangerous Pursuit of Wisdom: A Balance Between Ambition and Restraint by Cindy Y., 9th Grade

Wisdom is often symbolized by light, representing life, energy, and enlightenment. The sun, stars, moon, lightning, and bolts of lightning are all natural forms of light. The theme "Wisdom is Light" has been a powerful metaphor throughout history. But is wisdom truly light? In Joy Clarkson’s work "Wisdom is (Not) Light," she explores the idea that wisdom brings enlightenment, helping us see clearly and understand right from wrong. However, just as light can be dangerous, the pursuit of wisdom can carry risks when approached recklessly. The myths of Phaethon, Prometheus, and Icarus illustrate both the enlightening and dangerous aspects of wisdom, and the consequences of pursuing it without caution.

The story of Phaethon conveys the message that overconfidence and ignoring warnings can lead to disastrous consequences. Phaethon, uncertain of his parentage, was told by his mother, Clymene, that his father was Helios, the god of the sun. His friends mocked him, prompting him to seek out the truth. When he reached the edge of the world, Helios confirmed the story. Phaethon, filled with pride, asked to drive the chariot of the sun for a day. Although Helios warned him of the danger, Phaethon insisted, and Helios, bound by his oath, allowed him to take the reins. Phaethon lost control of the chariot, causing it to scorch the earth. Forests burned, rivers dried, and chaos ensued. Zeus struck Phaethon down with a thunderbolt, restoring balance, but leaving Helios heartbroken. Phaethon’s reckless pursuit of wisdom led to catastrophic consequences, emphasizing the importance of heeding guidance and understanding one’s limitations.

Similarly, the myth of Icarus highlights the dangers of overestimating one’s abilities. Icarus, excited by the prospect of flying with his father, Daedalus, ignored his father’s warnings and flew too close to the sun. His wings melted, causing him to fall into the sea. Both Phaethon and Icarus share the same flaw—ambition that drives them to reckless actions, leading to their downfall. These myths emphasize the need for humility and caution in the pursuit of wisdom.

In contrast, Prometheus’ story reveals both the power and danger of wisdom through the lens of sacrifice. Prometheus, moved by the suffering of mankind, stole fire from the gods to give to humans, despite knowing Zeus would punish him. Fire brought warmth and protection to humans, but Prometheus paid a severe price, chained to a mountain where an eagle devoured his liver daily in an endless cycle of pain. Prometheus symbolizes the innovation and risk inherent in seeking wisdom, even when it comes at a great cost.

These myths illustrate that light, as a metaphor for wisdom, can be both enlightening and dangerous. Phaethon and Icarus, driven by personal ambition, ignored warnings and overestimated their own abilities, leading to their tragic ends. Their stories align with Clarkson’s idea that wisdom must be approached with humility and care. On the other hand, Prometheus’ sacrifice for the benefit of others highlights the potential for wisdom to bring great good, even at personal cost. Together, these myths demonstrate the balance between ambition and restraint in the pursuit of wisdom, and the need for careful consideration of the risks involved.

Heritage Highlights:

"Since the beginning of mankind, the concept of light and darkness has existed in our culture. In Genesis, God declared, 'Let there be light,' and subsequently separated the light from the darkness. Since then, everything in this world has exhibited a duality in its nature. Many of the wise characters found in novels and movies, such as Albus Dumbledore in Harry Potter and Master Yoda in Star Wars, are older individuals. While time can serve as a measure of wisdom according to this standard, true wisdom is not determined by age, skills, or experience. Instead, it is the benevolent virtue of Heaven and Earth, existing in the harmonious union of light and darkness."-Thales G., 12th Grade

"Light will ultimately triumph over darkness. While we will encounter tragic moments, light is essential for navigating this world of shadows and guiding us to the one true God we know and love. Jesus said, 'I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness but will have the light of life' (John 8:12). When we acknowledge that suffering is part of our journey, we can find ways to persevere and endure." -Nicholas V., 12th Grade

“Whether through Phaethon’s recklessness, Icarus’s ambition, or Prometheus’s sacrifice, these myths teach that wisdom must be approached with caution. Light, though enlightening, can also blind and destroy when sought without respect for its power.” -Anthony C., 12th Grade International Student

“Humanity’s pursuit of wisdom extends far beyond what we consider to be knowledge.”-John G., 12th Grade

“These myths teach us to be humble and responsible in our quest for wisdom.”-Mani G., 12th Grade International Student

"Our ways of speaking of knowledge, wisdom and understanding have connected with imagery of light and dark, shadow and sunrise. Joy Clarkson’s ideas from "Wisdom is (Not) Light" emphasize that light can both reveal and overwhelm. In Greek Mythology, there are lots of natural phenomena that are related to light like fire, stars, and lightning bolts. And the stories of Phaethon, Icarus and Prometheus each teach about this pursuit. Their lessons demonstrate the dual nature of wisdom and light."-Matt R., 9th Grade

"Prometheus took the fire from Olympus and gave it to the humans, he watched as they grew more and more because of fire and how much they advanced. Zeus saw the fires flicker on earth, he rushed down and when he saw they had fire, he was furious. Prometheus told the humans to quickly kill an ox and burn the fattening parts of the ox for the gods, while he hid the good parts for the humans. Zeus enjoyed the offering but when he saw that Prometheus hid the good parts, he chained him to a mountain, forcing an eagle to come down every day and devour his immortal liver every day it grew back." -Aurora P., 9th Grade

"Throughout history, light has symbolized wisdom. It helps reveal truths and guide people to deeper understanding. However, the pursuit of wisdom, like light, can be both rewarding and dangerous. The myths of Phaethon, Icarus, and Prometheus illustrate the risks and benefits of seeking wisdom. Joy Clarkson, in her work Wisdom is (Not) Light, reminds us that light can enlighten but also overwhelm. Similarly, wisdom can both illuminate and lead to destruction." -Luxuan S., 9th Grade International Student

"Joy Clarkson describes: 'God is light, without shifting shadows. God is wisdom, who gives generously. God is brilliant.' To follow God is to stand in his light so that we may gain wisdom from him so we don’t stumble and fall into the darkness." -Ella B., 9th Grade

"The Greek myth of Phaethon is a warning to those who decide to take a path that is not their calling."-Ella B., 9th Grade

"Bible verses like John 8:12 and Psalm 119:105 teach us about the wisdom of light as something that protects us from danger. John 8:12 says, 'I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness but have the light of life.' This verse talks about following the 'light,' or God, and we will never be in the dark. In Psalm 119:105, it says 'Your word is a lamp for my feet, a light on my path.' This means that God’s wisdom helps us stay on track."-Jason L., 9th Grade